ULUMUL QUR'AN TASK ABOUT THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF TAFSIR PERIOD TO PERIOD

CHAPTER XV

THE GROWTH AND  DEVELOPMENT OF TAFSIR PERIOD TO PERIOD

A.   Tafsir in Prophet Period

Tafsir in Prophet period is more did by Prophet Muhammad SAW his self as receiver of  wahyu Ilahi and the first  interpreter of Al-Qur’an.

B.   Tafsir in Shohabah Period

Tafsir in Shohabah Period  hold on to four things, they are Al-Qur’an, Hadits, ijtihad, and Ahli kitab (Yahudi and Nasrani).

C.   Tafsir in Tabi’in Period

Tafsir in Tabi’in period is same with tafsir in Shohabah period, however they more develop it by establishing Madrasah Makkah or Madrasah Ibnu Abbas, Madrasah Madinah or Madrasah Ubay bin Ka’ab, and Madrasah Iraq or Madrasah Ibnu Mas’ud.

D.   Five Steps Tafsir in Booking Period

There are five steps tafsir in booking period :

1.     Before booked formaly, booking tafsir was did by relation method, so they descended  it to their students.

2.     Booking in last Umayah Dinasty period and begining Abbasiyah Dinasty which still put into part of hadits content that was booked before.

3.     Separation of tafsir from hadits, so it was booked separately to be one knowledge.

4.     Booking tafsir by summarising the sanad and taking ulama opinions without mentioning the people.

5.     Booking Tafsir is more colored by translation books out of Islam until interpreting  bil-aqly is more dominant compared by binnaqly method.

E.   Tafsir in Modern Period

Tafsir in modern Period is signed by appearing design of scientific tafsir, litPeriodture, and social. This appropriate with thinking development in modern Period.

ULUMUL QUR'AN TASK ABOUT APPROACHMENT AND TAFSIR AL-QUR’AN METHOD

CHAPTER XIV

APPROACHMENT AND TAFSIR AL-QUR’AN METHOD

A.   Definition of Approachment and Tafsir Method

Approachment interpreting Al-Qur’an is something which connect with how Al-Qur’an become near until product of interpreting can appropriate with purpose of Al-Qur’an  descending. Interpreting method is way and strategy interpreting which use by muftis to explain Al-Qur’an contain.

B.   Kind of Tafsir Approachment

There are four way tafsir approachment :

1.     Textual approachment is interpreting approachment which consider as most important letter or text meaning than other meanings which made strong by few hadits or atsar shahabi which support that.

2.     Rational approachment explain that interpretation more make important rasional (illah) by textual meaning.

3.     Scientific approachment connect with Al-Qur`an  interpreting which have connection with nature phenomena (plant, animal, human and others which use scientific object and support by study product proofs or sciencetific research or scientific theories.

4.     Ijtima’i approachment (socio-cuktural) clarify that Al-Qur’an interpreting have orientation to social reality Muslim in particular and society in general until interpreting can be reference conceptional in solving social problem.

C.   Kind of Tafsir Method

There are few  kind of tafsir method :

1.     Tahili method is interpreting Al-Qur’an method  with did detail analysis to words in Al-Qur’an in  various aspect follow stucture verse by verse in mushaf Al-Qur’an.

2.     Ijtimali method is interpreting Al-Qur’an method  with  Al-Qur’an comprehension refer to main ideas which contain at one verse or group of verse or one Al-Qur’an surah.

3.     Mawdhui method is interpreting Al-Qur’an method  with collect way various words or verse in one certainly theme, then classify and search connect one to another to make conclusion.

4.     Muqaran method is interpreting Al-Qur’an method with compare way various interpreting since sohabah period, tabi’in, until next mufassirin muftis.

ULUMUL QUR'AN TASK ABOUT TAFSIR, TAKWIL AND TRANSLATION OF AL-QUR'AN

CHAPTER XIII

TAFSIR, TAKWIL AND TRANSLATION OF AL-QUR’AN

A.   Definition of Tafsir, Takwil and Translation

Etimologically,tafsir word taken from word fassara-yufassiru-tafsiran, it means information or discribe or al kasaf wa al-idzhar it means unveil and show. This is connect with al-idhah meaning (explain), al bayan (show), al-kasyf (give expression), al-izhhar (show), and al-ibanah (explain).

Takwil, it is taken from word awwala-yu`awwilu-takwilan, it means describe or explain. Takwil have other meaning as al-ruju’ ila al-asl it means come back to main or orignal version. Terminologically takwil  is swing round or divert meaning words or sentences which have in Al-Qur’an by origin meaning to another meaning which reputed more exact, in other that that meaning more match and approriate with Al-Qur’an teaching soul.

Translation is move, replace or copy something by one languange to another language. Terminologically, tafsir is product of human to express meaning which contain in Al-Qur’an, so that Al-Qur’an can felt as way of life which practice in daily life.

Translation Al-Qur’an is move Al-Qur`an which Arabic language to non Arabic language then print it in order to can read with people which can not understand Arabic language until they can understand Al-Qur’an contain. 

B.   Differences of Tafsir, Takwil and Translation

The different from three meaning is tafsir explain Al-Qur’an verses which always  have a lot of meaning with explaining law and wisdom which can taken from that verse and often making conclusion that verse’s contain. Takwil connect with words meaning Al-Qur’an verse which change position by zhahir meaning to rajih to another meaning which not clear and marjuh and not strong. Translation only change verse’s Al-Qur’an words by Arabic language to other language without give very long explain meaning or not with conclusion.

C.   Tafsir bi al-Ma`tsur dan bi al-Rayi

Tafsir bi al-Ma`tsur is Al-Qur’an interpretation which refer to Al-Qur’an explaining, prophet Muhammad explaining, sohabah explaining, and what tabi`in said whith ijtihad way. The are four elements tafsir Al-Matsur source, there are : interpreting Al-Qur’an with Al-Qur’an, interpreting Al-Qur’an with sunnah or hadits, interpreting Al-Qur’an with sohabah opinion, interpreting Al-Qur’an with tabi`in opinion.

Tafsir bi al-Ra’yi tafsir which refer to ijtihad (the intrepreter). Between muftis is reject and the other is accept.