'ULUMUL QUR'AN TASK ABOUT ASBAB AN-NUZUL

CHAPTER V

ASBAB AN-NUZUL

 

 

1.     DEFINITION OF ASBAB AN-NUZUL

Etimologically, asbab an-nuzul is idhofah form which consider by two words, there are asbab and an-nuzul. Asbab means causes or reason and an-nuzul means descend (from top to under). By therminology side, asbab an-nuzul is causes or events which become Al-Qur’an descend reason.

2.     KIND OF ASBAB AN-NUZUL

Asbab an-nuzul redacrion form  divided into :

a.     Sharih redaction, it is riwayah that is clear indicates asbab an-nuzul and impossible indicates each other related to asbab an-nuzul.

b.     Muhtamilah redaction (not clear) it is asbab an-nuzul which is not clear mentions  that it self connect with asbab an-nuzul.

Asbab an-nuzul from   divided sum causes and descend of verse divided into :

a.     Ta’adud al-asbab an-nuzul  wa nazil al-wahid, causes verse descanded more than one and verse descending one,thing that is contained in that verse or a riwayah quality side, there are three thing group  for this first thing, by riwayah quality side, there are three another thing, there are :

a)     Take riwayah shahih version

b)    Carry out comporomise study (jama’)

b.     Ta’adud nazil wa al sabab al wahid (matter that contained at verse which descend more than one while descend cause is only one

3.     ASBAB AN-NUZUL EXPRESSION

Kind of asbab an-nuzul expression which use sahabah at description asbab an-nuzul there are word exist :

a.     سبب (sebab)

b.     ف    (then)

c.      في  (concerning or about)

4.     MUFTI OPINION TO ASBAB AN-NUZUL

Majority of mufti agreed that asbab an-nuzul important to find means and verse significant Al-Qur’an. Partly another mufti opine that influential, the reason is not all verses and surah in Al-Qur’an have asbab an-nuzul.

5.     ASBAB AN-NUZUL URGENCY AND USE  IN UNDERSTAND VERSE OF AL-QUR’AN

Asbab an- nuzul function at Tafsir Knowledge is as helper knowledge in  understand, tafsir and formulate Al-Qur’an verse to be practical theory which can and easy to do in daily life.

REFERENCE 

Mushlish, Hafidz. Salamudin, Ceceng. 2016. Ulum Al-Qur'an. Bandung : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

'ULUMUL QUR'AN TASK ABOUT RASM AL-QUR'AN

CHAPTER IV

RASM AL-QUR’AN

1.     Definition of Rasm Al-Qur’an

Rasm Al-Qur’an (Rasm Utsmani or Rasm Utsman) is a way to write down  Al-Qur’an  which certailnly  at Khalifah Utsman bin Affan period. Rasm Al-Qur’an consist of two words : rasm and Al-Qur’an. Rasm is infinitive form (al-mashdar) from verb rasama – yarsamu, which means draw or paint and written. Can be means al-atsar ‘alamah. Meanwhile Al-Qur’an is writing instrument from Allah which descending to prophet Muhammad SAW. Rasm Al-Qur’an means form Al-Qur’an’s written. Rasm Al-Qur’an is knowledge which study carefully about Mushaf Al-Qur’an which do specially, at pronounciation process writing or form letters which use.

2.     Mufti’s opinion about Rasm Al-Qur’an

Muftis have different opinion about status rasm Al-Qur’an :

a.     Rasm Al-Qur’an have character taufiqi is prophet decision and not product sahabats or another human. Because of that everyone must follow when they write Al-Qur’an.

b.     Rasm Al-Qur’an have character not taufiqi, not prophet decision. Rasm utsmani is  a way to write which agreed by khalifah Utsman bin Affan and accept by Islam members carefully. Because of that, being obigation and can’t be infringed.

3.     Rasm Al-Qur’an Rule

There are six kind of rasm Al-Qur’an :

a.     Al-Hafidz : throw, disappear, or destroy letter

b.     Al-ziyadah : add letter

c.      Al-hamzah : one of rule is if hamzah letter have harakat sukun, so it’s written by harakat letter

d.     Badal : substitute such as alif written with wawu

e.      Washal : continue

f.       Fashl : seperate

g.     Two letter can read two sound like lafadz maaliki yaumiddin (long read) can be read maliki (without long read)

REFERENCE 

Mushlish, Hafidz. Salamudin, Ceceng. 2016. Ulum Al-Qur'an. Bandung : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

ULUMUL QUR'AN TASK ABOUT DESCEND HISTORY AND MAINTENANCE OF AL-QUR’AN

CHAPTER III

DESCEND HISTORY AND MAINTENANCE OF AL-QUR’AN

1.     Definition of Al-Qur’an

Al-Qur’an from language side originate by Arabic languange which is Qara’a – Yaqra’u – Qar’ an means gather. According to Al-Lihyani, lafadz “Al-Qur’an” originate by lafadz Qur’an because that word included to “tasmiyah al-maf’ul bi al-mashdar”. So, Qur’an word means as maqru’un (isim maf’ul), is which have red. Partly mufty opine that Al-Qur’an originate by qarana means enclose, bacause Al-Qur’an enclose surah, verse, and letters. More partly opine that Al-Qur’an originate by qara’in (strengthener) because Al-Qur’an consist of verses which strengthener each other and be found similarity between one and others. According to technical term, Al-Qur’an is pure holy book descending to prophet Muhammad SAW, has be written at mushaf and told as mutawatir, begin with Al-Fatihah and end by An-Nas and who read that obtain merit.

Al-Qur’an’s sum agreed is 6200 verses. The rest verses debating by muftis. There are difference Al-Qur’an’s sum verses by Islamic Mufti’s :

a.     Nafi Maulana Umar : 6217

b.     Saibah : 6314

c.      Ja’far : 6210

d.     Makkah’s mufti : 6220

e.      Basrah’s mufti : 6226

They lean on they opinion to sahabat and consider that information about verses as Riwayat Mauquf ( Al- Zarqani, 1943:333 ). Al- Qur’an have 114 surah according to Mushaf Utsmani, partly of mufty mentioned Al-Qur’an have 113 surah without At-Taubah. Al- Qur’an have 74. 437 and 324. 345 words. The first descending verses is Al- Alaq 1-5, and the last descending verse is Al-Maidah 3.

2.     Definition of Nuzul Al-Qur’an and Descending Stage

Nuzul Al-Qur’an is process descending Al-Qur’an to prophet  Muhammad SAW. Happen period at 22 years, 2 months and 22 days. According to Subhi A-s-Shalih, Al-Qur’an descending to prophet Muhammad Al-Qur’an by three stage. First stage, Al-Qur’an descending all at once by Allah to Lauh Al- Mahfudz mentioned at surah Al-Buruj verse 21 and 22. Second stage Al-Qur’an descending as little by little descending by Lauh Mahfudz to Bait Al-Izzah.

3.     Al-Qur’an Wisdom’s Decending as Little by Little

          Among wisdom Al-Qur’an descending as  little by little is :

1.     For confirm prophet Muhammad heart’s

2.     Falicitate prophet Muhammad memorize Al-Qur’an

3.     Confirm and entertain the members of Islam who life at prophet Muhammad period

4.     Giving opportunity to another people for leave they tradition after Islam

5.     Oppose and enfeeble the oppositioner Al-Qur’an

6.     Follow every moment and do stage at correct aqidah stage, syariat laws, and noble character

7.     Prove that Al-Qur’an descending by Allah SWT

4.     Al-Qur’an’s Maintenance at prophet Muhammad Period

At prophet Muhammad period Al-Qur’an’s  maintenance did by memorize oral and written. Prophet Muhammad memorize Al-Qur’an’ verse which descending to him and he read by him self at front of sahabat. After that, sahabat memorize verse by prophet Muhammad. For maintenance Al-Qur’an, prophet Muhmmad also order Al-Qur’an for written. He raise wahyu writers Al-Qur’an from famous sahabat-sahabat, like Abu Bakar, Umar bin Khatab, Utsman bin Affan, Ali bin Abi Thalib, Ubay bin Ka’ab and Zaid bin Tsabit.

5.     Al-Qur’an’s Maintenance at prophet Khulafaur Rasyidin Period

Al-Qur’an maintanance which famous happen at Khalifah Abu Bakar period and Khalifah Utsman. Because input by Umar bin Khattab, Khalifah Abu Bakar gather Al-Qur’an writteners which  have at stem of palm, soft stone, leather, camel’s bone and bolster by wood. At Utsman bin Affan period, Al-Qur’an’s maintenance did by arrange Al-Qur’an at one mushaf named mushaf Utsmani.

6.     Al-Qur’an’s Action of Perfecting Maintenance at prophet Muhammad Period

After Khulafaur Rasyidin period, Al-Qur’an’s action of perfecting did by put wowel, dot sign, alif, hamzah, tasydid, al- raum, and al isymam at Al-Qur’an. After that born Al-Qur’an‘s knowledge also is way who did by muftis for Al-Qur’an maintenance.

REFERENCE 

Mushlish, Hafidz. Salamudin, Ceceng. 2016. Ulum Al-Qur'an. Bandung : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.