ULUMUL AL-QUR'AN TASK ABOUT DEFINITION, THE SCOOP DISCUSSION, AND BRANCHES 'ULUM AL-QURAN AND GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

CHAPTER II

DEFINITION, THE SCOOP DISCUSSION, AND BRANCHES 'ULUM AL-QURAN AND GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

 

1.     Definition ‘Ulum Al-Qur’an

‘Ulum Al-Qur’an is coumpound which consist from two words, that is “Ulum” and Al-Qur’an. “Ulum” form kind of plural  by “ilmu”. Ilmu formed by Arabic words علم - يعل - علما which means al fahm (understand) and al-idrak (innovation). Synonym of Ulum is al-idrak (knowledge), al-ma’rifah (knowledge), al-yaqin (believe) and al-haqiqah (objective).’ Ulum Al-Qur’an is knowledge and discussion which connect with Al-Qur’an.

2.     The Scoop Discussion of ‘Ulum Al-Qur’an

There are six point the scoop discussion of ‘Ulum Al-Qur’an there are :

A.   Nuzul Al-Qur’an, this thing conect with :

1)    Awqat wa mawatin al nuzul (period and place descending Al-Qur’an verse that included Makiyyah period or Madaniyyah period)

2)    Asbab al-nuzul (descending Al-Qur’an reason)

3)    Tarikh al-nuzul (descending Al-Qur’an history which beginning descending or the last one, the repeted descending, the seperate descending or collected

B.   Sanad, this thing connect with :

1)    Mutawatir story

2)    Ahad story

3)    Syadz story

4)    Kind of Prophet Qiraat

5)    Storytellers and Al-Qur’an memorizer

6)    The way story accepted (tahammul)

C.   Qiraat (the way read Al-Qur’an), this thing connect with :

1)    Waqaf  (the way stop)

2)    Ibtida’ (the way begin)

3)    Imalah (something connect with lahjah or dialect)

4)    Madd (lengthening literature)

5)    Takhfif hamzah (literature hamzah letter which weightless)

6)    Idgham (enter dead letter to life letter after

D.   Words of Al-Qur’an, this thing connect with :

1)    Gharib (the strange words)

2)    Mu’rab (the words which can accept changing at the end of words, sound or written words

3)    Majaz (figurative words or satire)

4)    Muradif (words wich contains similarity or sameness meaning)

5)    Musyatarak (Al-Qur’an’s words which have sameness word)

6)    Isti’arah (metaphor words or loan words)

7)    Tasybih (similar words)

E.   Al-Qur’an words meaning which connect  to law problem. This thing connect with :

1)     Verses which have general meaning (‘amm) which constant at generalisation)

2)  ‘Amm verses which contain special definition and have been takhshish by Al-Qur’an self verses

3)  ‘Amm verses which contain special definition and have been takhshish by optional

4)     Nashshi verses (text)

5)    Zhahir verses (show)

6)    Mujmal verses (global)

7)    Mufashshal verses (detail)

8)    Mantuq verses (has meaning that have been written)

9)    Mafhum verses (has meaning that have been knotted)

10)  Muthlaq verses (unlimited meaning)

11)  Muqayyad verses  (limited meaning)

12)  Muhkam verses (strong and clear meaning)

13)  Mutasyabihat verses (hidden meaning)

14)  Musykil verses (problem)

15)  Nasikh verses (eraser)

16)  Mansukh verses (erased)

17)  Muqaddam verses (begin)

18)  Muakhkhar verses (end)

19)  Ma’mul verses (which did) at the certain time

20)  Ma’mul verses (which did) by someone

F.    Al-Qur’an meaning which connect with words meaning. This thing connect with :

1)    Fashshal (desperating)

2)    Washshal (continuing)

3)    Ijaz (brief)

4)    Ithnab (long)

5)    Musawwah (same)

6)    Qashar (short)

7)    Qunyah (bad title)

8)    Laqab (good title)

3.     Main Branches of ‘Ulum Al-Qur’an

There are seventeen main branches of ‘Ulum Al-Qur’an, there are :

a.     Mawathin al-nuzul knowledge, explain about place, season, begining and las descending verse.

b.     Tawarikh al-nuzul, explain about period and orderly descending verse one by one from beginning until last.

c.      Asbab al-nuzul, explain about motive descending verse.

d.     Qiraat knowledge, explain about kind of Al-Qur’an literature which has been by Rasulullah SAW.

e.      Tajwid knowledge, explain about how to read Al-Qur’an.

f.       Gharib Al-Qur’an knowledge, explain about strange words meaning which have not been in the usual holy book or everyday chat.

g.     ‘Irab Al-Qur’an knowledge, explain about wowel Al-Qur’an and position of words at the sentence.

h.     Wujuh wa al-nazhair knowledge, explain about Al-Qur’an words which have more than one meaning appropriate with the place of the words in Al-Qur’an.

i.       Ma’rifah al-muhkam wa al-mutasyabih knowledge, explain about verses which include muhkam and mutasyabih.

j.       Nasikh and mansukh knowledge, explain about verses which include in Al-Qur’an`

k.     Bada’iu knowledge, explain about the beautification Al-Qur’an structure.

l.       ‘Ijaz Al-Qur’an knowledge, explain about the power of Al-Qur’an until looks like a miracle.

m.  Tanasub Al-Qur’an knowledge, explain about uniformity between verses or surah in the Al-Qur’an.

n.     Aqsam Al-Qur’an knowledge, explain about meaning and Allah oath’s purposes in the Al-Qur’an.

o.     Amtsal Al-Qur’an knowledge, explain about parables which have been in the Al-Qur’an.

p.    Jidal Al-Qur’an knowledge,  explain about kind debate which face to Musyirikin community  and the other community which have in the Al-Qur’an.

q.     Adab tilawah Al-Qur’an knowledge, explain about rules or etiquette to read Al-Qur’an.

4.     Growth and Development of ‘Ulum Al-Qur’an

Growth and development of ‘Ulum Al-Qur’an divided to two period that is :

1.     Before Utsmani mushaf, this is growth period and development of ‘Ulum Al-Qur’an at prophet period,  Abu Bakar caliph, and Umar bin Khattab caliph.

2.     Composing Utsmani mushaf happen at Utsman bin Affan caliph period.

REFERENCE 

Mushlish, Hafidz. Salamudin, Ceceng. 2016. Ulum Al-Qur'an. Bandung : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.