ULUMUL QUR'AN TASK ABOUT DESCEND HISTORY AND MAINTENANCE OF AL-QUR’AN

CHAPTER III

DESCEND HISTORY AND MAINTENANCE OF AL-QUR’AN

1.     Definition of Al-Qur’an

Al-Qur’an from language side originate by Arabic languange which is Qara’a – Yaqra’u – Qar’ an means gather. According to Al-Lihyani, lafadz “Al-Qur’an” originate by lafadz Qur’an because that word included to “tasmiyah al-maf’ul bi al-mashdar”. So, Qur’an word means as maqru’un (isim maf’ul), is which have red. Partly mufty opine that Al-Qur’an originate by qarana means enclose, bacause Al-Qur’an enclose surah, verse, and letters. More partly opine that Al-Qur’an originate by qara’in (strengthener) because Al-Qur’an consist of verses which strengthener each other and be found similarity between one and others. According to technical term, Al-Qur’an is pure holy book descending to prophet Muhammad SAW, has be written at mushaf and told as mutawatir, begin with Al-Fatihah and end by An-Nas and who read that obtain merit.

Al-Qur’an’s sum agreed is 6200 verses. The rest verses debating by muftis. There are difference Al-Qur’an’s sum verses by Islamic Mufti’s :

a.     Nafi Maulana Umar : 6217

b.     Saibah : 6314

c.      Ja’far : 6210

d.     Makkah’s mufti : 6220

e.      Basrah’s mufti : 6226

They lean on they opinion to sahabat and consider that information about verses as Riwayat Mauquf ( Al- Zarqani, 1943:333 ). Al- Qur’an have 114 surah according to Mushaf Utsmani, partly of mufty mentioned Al-Qur’an have 113 surah without At-Taubah. Al- Qur’an have 74. 437 and 324. 345 words. The first descending verses is Al- Alaq 1-5, and the last descending verse is Al-Maidah 3.

2.     Definition of Nuzul Al-Qur’an and Descending Stage

Nuzul Al-Qur’an is process descending Al-Qur’an to prophet  Muhammad SAW. Happen period at 22 years, 2 months and 22 days. According to Subhi A-s-Shalih, Al-Qur’an descending to prophet Muhammad Al-Qur’an by three stage. First stage, Al-Qur’an descending all at once by Allah to Lauh Al- Mahfudz mentioned at surah Al-Buruj verse 21 and 22. Second stage Al-Qur’an descending as little by little descending by Lauh Mahfudz to Bait Al-Izzah.

3.     Al-Qur’an Wisdom’s Decending as Little by Little

          Among wisdom Al-Qur’an descending as  little by little is :

1.     For confirm prophet Muhammad heart’s

2.     Falicitate prophet Muhammad memorize Al-Qur’an

3.     Confirm and entertain the members of Islam who life at prophet Muhammad period

4.     Giving opportunity to another people for leave they tradition after Islam

5.     Oppose and enfeeble the oppositioner Al-Qur’an

6.     Follow every moment and do stage at correct aqidah stage, syariat laws, and noble character

7.     Prove that Al-Qur’an descending by Allah SWT

4.     Al-Qur’an’s Maintenance at prophet Muhammad Period

At prophet Muhammad period Al-Qur’an’s  maintenance did by memorize oral and written. Prophet Muhammad memorize Al-Qur’an’ verse which descending to him and he read by him self at front of sahabat. After that, sahabat memorize verse by prophet Muhammad. For maintenance Al-Qur’an, prophet Muhmmad also order Al-Qur’an for written. He raise wahyu writers Al-Qur’an from famous sahabat-sahabat, like Abu Bakar, Umar bin Khatab, Utsman bin Affan, Ali bin Abi Thalib, Ubay bin Ka’ab and Zaid bin Tsabit.

5.     Al-Qur’an’s Maintenance at prophet Khulafaur Rasyidin Period

Al-Qur’an maintanance which famous happen at Khalifah Abu Bakar period and Khalifah Utsman. Because input by Umar bin Khattab, Khalifah Abu Bakar gather Al-Qur’an writteners which  have at stem of palm, soft stone, leather, camel’s bone and bolster by wood. At Utsman bin Affan period, Al-Qur’an’s maintenance did by arrange Al-Qur’an at one mushaf named mushaf Utsmani.

6.     Al-Qur’an’s Action of Perfecting Maintenance at prophet Muhammad Period

After Khulafaur Rasyidin period, Al-Qur’an’s action of perfecting did by put wowel, dot sign, alif, hamzah, tasydid, al- raum, and al isymam at Al-Qur’an. After that born Al-Qur’an‘s knowledge also is way who did by muftis for Al-Qur’an maintenance.

REFERENCE 

Mushlish, Hafidz. Salamudin, Ceceng. 2016. Ulum Al-Qur'an. Bandung : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.